3D printing in construction, or additive manufacturing, is a groundbreaking technology that creates three-dimensional objects by layering materials based on a digital blueprint. Instead of ink on paper, these large-scale machines use concrete, plastic, or metal to build structures layer by layer. This method diverges from standard modular construction, where materials are cut, shaped, and assembled manually or through machinery.

Types of 3D Printers Used In Construction

These highly specialised machines are capable of handling large-scale projects and robust materials. One common type is gantry-style printers, which operate on a fixed frame, moving the print head along three axes to deposit layers of building materials. The advantage of the gantry printer is that it’s highly precise, thus ideal for building large walls and structural components directly on-site.

Three-axis gantry system of 3D Concrete Printing at Loughborough University, source: ResearchGate

Robotic arm printers, on the other hand, offer more flexibility in movement and can print complex shapes and structures. They rotate and manoeuvre in ways that gantry systems cannot, allowing for more intricate designs and undercuts, which makes them useful in creating custom architectural elements.

A robotic arm 3D printing cement-based materials, source: ReseachGate

Both printer types use specially formulated concrete mixes or other materials suitable for extrusion, designed to set quickly and maintain structural integrity while being laid down layer by layer.

Materials Used in 3D Printing in Construction

The range of materials available for construction 3D printing is evolving rapidly and offers various properties suitable for different applications.

Concrete

Still the most common material used in 3D printing for construction, concrete has been preferred for its standard advantages: strength, durability, and versatility. Specially formulated concrete mixes designed to be extruded through 3D printers contain different additives to enhance properties like quick setting, flowability, and bonding between layers.

Most applications use fibre-reinforced or geopolymer concrete made from industrial waste materials. High-performance concrete engineered for applications that require high strength and durability is also available.

Mortar

Mortar is typically used for smaller-scale or detailed elements. It has a finer texture than concrete and can be modified with additives to improve its properties for 3D printing, such as reducing shrinkage or enhancing bonding.

Plastics

While the word itself might raise some eyebrows, when linked to the technology previously marked as largely environmentally friendly, the plastic used in 3D often complies with conscious production. Polylactic acid (PLA) applied in printing non-structural elements, for instance, is biodegradable and derived from renewable resources such as corn starch or sugarcane. It decomposes naturally.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) can be recycled and reincorporated into new projects. Their use in 3D printing for construction promotes a circular economy—a concept aimed at minimising environmental impact by reducing the reliance on virgin materials.

Metals

While less common due to the complexity and cost, metal 3D printing can create strong, intricate structural components.

The materials of choice are stainless steel, aluminium, and titanium.

Composite Materials

Composite materials used for 3D printing in construction include concrete, plastic, and metal blends designed to support or improve specific properties like thermal resistance or hardness.

Bio-Based Masses

These materials are derived from renewable sources and designed to reduce environmental impact. Examples include:

• Mycelium: Fungal material that can be grown into specific shapes. It’s used for insulation or lightweight structural elements.
• Bamboo: Processed and used as a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials.
• Hempcrete: A mixture of hemp fibres and lime, offering good insulation properties and environmental benefits.

Worldwide Examples Pioneering 3D Printing in Construction 

The Office of the Future

The official first 3D-printed building in the world is the Office of the Future at Dubai’s Emirates Towers, completed in 2016 as part of a global initiative to position the city as a leader in the 3D printing field by 2030. Its first occupants were the temporary headquarters of the Dubai Future Foundation, succeeded by Dubai’s Museum of the Future.

It’s a single-storey, 2,700-square-foot building that took just 17 days to build. The tool was a 20-foot-tall 3D printer, 120 feet long and 40 feet wide. It layered a unique mix of concrete, fibre-reinforced plastic, and glass fibre-reinforced gypsum.

The printer needed one person on site, a supervisor to ensure everything was functioning correctly.

An 18-person group comprised additional electricians, installers, and mechanical engineers, who completed the job for $140,000 in construction and labour costs.

The Data Collecting MX3D’s Pedestrian Bridge

The world’s first 3D-printed steel bridge over the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal in Amsterdam was officially opened to public use in July 2021. Designed by Joris Laarman Lab and engineered by Arup, the bridge was created using MX3D’s large-scale, robotic 3D printing technology. Four robots printed the bridge using over 6,000kg of stainless steel, adding layer by layer.

The project’s significance, however, extends beyond exemplifying 3D printing technology. Supported by partners (Autodesk, The Alan Turing Institute, ARUP, University of Twente and FORCE Technology), the bridge and its digital twin contribute valuable data for future smart city developments. They are equipped with numerous sensors to monitor structural health and usage, serving as a living laboratory for exploring advanced manufacturing and IoT systems in urban infrastructure.

Project Milestone

One of the first 3D-printed commercial housing developments, Project Milestone, is also directly connected to the Netherlands. It features multiple 3D-printed houses available in various styles. Located in Eindhoven, this project involves several partners and demonstrates the potential for similar developments within Europe and the UK.

Project Milestone house, source: 3DPrintedHouse

Why the Netherlands?

A country needs a combination of strong government support, advanced research, and strategic partnerships to become a pioneer in 3D printing for construction. The Dutch government actively funds and supports innovation, particularly in sustainable technologies. Leading institutions like TU Delft and the Eindhoven University of Technology conduct cutting-edge research in 3D printing and collaborate closely with industry partners in implementing new technologies, positioning the Netherlands at the forefront of 3D printing advancements.

Additionally, the Netherlands’ focus on sustainability aligns well with the capabilities of 3D printing, which reduces material waste and allows for the use of recycled materials. Dutch companies and institutions collaborate on international projects, leveraging their strong industrial base and expertise in engineering and manufacturing. Projects like the MX3D bridge in Amsterdam showcase the practical applications and benefits of 3D printing, further establishing the country as a leader in this innovative field.

3D Printing In the UK Construction Industry

In the UK, construction has traditionally been conservative and slow to adopt new technologies. However, the tide is turning as the benefits of 3D printing become indisputable. Early adopters in the UK construction industry are leading the charge, revealing reduced costs, faster project timelines, and superb design flexibility.

According to the Expert Market Research report, 3D printing in the UK’s construction and architecture sector is another major trend supporting the market expansion. It involves contour crafting and sand layering, among other processes.

The adoption is gradually gaining momentum, with some notable projects demonstrating the technology’s potential.

Sighthill Pedestrian Bridge

In 2022, the concrete staircase leading to a pedestrian bridge over the M8 motorway in Glasgow became the largest ever 3D-printed structure of its kind in the UK. It was created by BAM and Weber Beamix, printed off-site in the Netherlands and then transported to Scotland for installation.

This method reduced material waste by 40% compared to traditional techniques and minimised the environmental impact. In the words of Ian Steele, BAM Contracts Manager for the footbridge: “The printed element saw us manufacture the stairwells off-site, creating strong, one-of-a-kind structures, all while reducing waste and interaction with weather and other elements which can create hold-ups.“

Building for Humanity Residential Project

Building for Humanity, a housing developer in the UK constructs affordable, carbon-neutral social housing. Their flagship project on Charter Street in Accrington, Lancashire, involves the construction of 46 new homes.

The project aims to create more affordable home ownership and rental properties accessible to all demographics, including singles, low-income families, and homeless veterans. 3D concrete printing will help scale and speed up the building. These high-quality, affordable net-zero homes with a Community Hub on site will be the first in the UK and the largest printed buildings of its kind in Europe.

Source: Building for Humanity

Benefits of 3D Printing for Construction Projects

• Cost reduction: Traditional construction methods produce large amounts of waste and involve high labour costs. 3D printing minimises material waste by using only the necessary amount of material, applied precisely where needed, while automation reduces the need for extensive manual labour.
• Time efficiency: Structures that once took months to build can now be completed in weeks, if not days.
• Environmental impact: 3D printing in construction minimises waste by precisely depositing materials (which are largely recycled or sustainable).
• Customisation and design flexibility: The capacity to create intricate and customised designs enables architects and builders to push the boundaries.

Supported by Digital Supply Chains

The rise of 3D printing on construction sites in the UK represents a significant opportunity for the industry to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and drive sustainability.

Integrating digital supply chains with 3D printing processes can achieve higher productivity and even more cost-effective outcomes. Book a demo to discover how we can work together to create a more resilient and responsive construction sector ready to meet future challenges.

The construction industry, known for its robust structures and sky-high achievements, often grapples with an unseen issue at its own foundation: the supply chain. With a complex network that could make even the best procurement officer’s head spin, it’s no surprise the industry is on a constant quest for innovation and efficiency. The pursuit has led to the spotlight of a logical, crucial solution: you guess, it’s digital. Yet many seasoned professionals still find themselves caught in a lingering mystery—what is digital supply chain management, and does it really help?

This article uncovers why digitisation in supply chain management isn’t just a fleeting trend but a transformative force reshaping the construction landscape.

The Unexpected Challenge at Hand

Despite all its strengths, the construction industry has been flagged for its productivity gap. Believe it or not, as disclosed in the McKinsey Global Institute report, a staggering $1.6 trillion is left on the table each year. It’s a figure that can’t be ignored, especially when every penny counts.

Source: Office for National Statistics, Productivity in 50 years of legacy systems

The roots of this gap are often traced back to how supply chains are managed. With complex webs of suppliers, subcontractors, and logistics to juggle, it’s no wonder that procurement teams are struggling to keep up.

YardLink’s report from last year shows that 31% of senior procurement decision makers in UK construction firms stated a lack of digital tools and innovation as the biggest challenge they face.

A Digital Response

Enter digital supply chain management, which leverages technology to streamline processes, reduce waste, and ultimately close the productivity gap.

It can be a bumpy road, yet the rewards are undeniable. But first things first…

What Is Digital Supply Chain Management?

In essence, it’s the application of digital technologies that helps you improve the flow of information and finances across the supply chain. We talk here about everything from automated procurement platforms to real-time tracking systems, bringing a whole new efficiency level to the traditionally slow-to-adapt construction industry.

If you’re still wondering how digitisation drives supply chain efficiency, imagine trimming its regular costs to up to 44% of your project’s budget. That’s not just change; it’s transformation.

Understanding the Digital Supply Chain: A Personal Angle

Witnessing the digital shift in the construction industry today feels like standing at the edge of a new frontier. It’s a point in time where tradition meets innovation at such a speed that the outcome dramatically shifts the landscape of how we build.

But why should you care?

Because you’re in the thick of it every day: managing a construction project with the pressure of deadlines, budgets, and the constant juggle of suppliers and materials. It’s a balancing act, where one slip can cause delays and push costs through the roof.

Now, imagine if you had a tool that could take a lot of that weight off your shoulders: That’s what digital transformation in supply chain management does for you.

Source: YardLink

Sourcing equipment and materials can involve a lot of phone calls, paperwork, and spreadsheets that are hard to keep track of, and can accumulate high, unnecessary costs. In contrast, with digital supply chain management, you move the extensive paperwork online and streamline the procurement process. You can reach out to an extensive supply chain network, compare quotes and order equipment—all at the click of a button. Once your order is placed, you can keep track of what equipment you have across all sites from any supplier. No more guesswork or frantic last-minute orders.

Overordering just because you’re not sure what you have? That’s money wasted. Delays because something didn’t arrive when it was supposed to? That’s your schedule thrown off. Digital tools help you avoid these pitfalls by giving accurate information, improved visability and much more.

And we haven’t even reached the question of scale. Whether you’re working on a small local project or overseeing a massive development, digital supply chain management scales to fit. It’s flexible enough to meet the needs of any project size and adapt to the complexities and challenges you face.

In short, it isn’t just about making your life easier (though it definitely does). It’s how digitisation drives supply chain efficiency, saves money, and keeps your project on track.

Bringing Theory to Practice

Let’s ground this conversation with a look at what’s happening here in the UK. Many SME construction companies, possibly much like yours, are pioneering the changes, shedding the weight of legacy systems.

Until recently, managing supply chains was a nightmare of spreadsheets and guesswork. YardLink’s research has shown that a whopping 65% of firms still use basic spreadsheets or even pen and paper to keep track of their supply chain.

In addition, contractors reach out to an average of 11 different suppliers for each enquiry before finding one that meets all their requirements. According to our research and anecdotal evidence from senior procurement managers in the industry, each PO costs an average of £65 to raise—without including overhead and equipment costs. That’s an astonishing sum compared to other sectors, where the price reported by the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply is typically £50.

Source: YardLink

By adopting a digital tool that integrates with your existing systems, you gain the ability to free up time, improve efficiency, reduce costs, and centralise your supply chain. The result? A dramatic reduction in delays and cost overruns, making projects more profitable and less stressful.

Here are the key benefits of the digital supply chain shortlisted:

1. Reduced time spent sourcing equipment & suppliers: Because the tech does the hard work for you.

2. Increased visibility of inventory on-site: It helps keep a close eye on equipment usage and be aware of incoming deliveries and collections. 

3. Ability to move the important paper trial online: Better organisation, including proof of delivery, proof of collection, waste transfer notes, invoices, and more.

4. No more overspending and spiralling budgets: Reduce the number of invoices in query and associated penalties.

So, how do marketplaces such as YardLink support a project? 

We’ll use a hypothetical illustration to put the theory into perspective: a Heathrow Airport expansion.

A project of this scope would require extensive coordination of materials, labour, and logistics, thus offering an ideal scenario to explore how digitisation drives supply chain efficiency. It also demonstrates its benefits for large-scale construction projects in the UK.

Project Overview

The Heathrow expansion project would encompass the construction of a new terminal and at least one runway. That means facing immense logistical conundrums, from managing thousands of deliveries to coordinating a vast network of subcontractors. The project’s success, therefore, hinges on meticulous supply chain management to avoid delays and cost overruns.

Digital Transformation Strategy

The project team implements a digital supply chain management system to tackle these challenges. This platform enables procurement managers to handle orders from all suppliers in one place, avoiding the complexity of managing multiple supplier portals. What’s better, it simplifies the entire workflow from sourcing equipment to invoicing, making order management much more straightforward.

Key Features and Outcomes

Source: YardLink

Streamlined Procurement

The system streamlines the ordering by providing access to the UK’s largest digital supply chain network. In the context of our hypothetical project, YardLink sends the manager’s quote requests to their network of over 900 suppliers, exceeding the average manual capacity by far. The requests are then matched with the nearest suitable supplier, minimising delivery fees and, subsequently, the overall costs.

Supplier Collaboration Simplified

A digital platform helps avoid the issues induced by miscommunication with suppliers and subcontractors. The project managers see whom they are cooperating with, but YardLink manages the contract and handles the communication. YardLink takes that workload off the managers’ backs and helps to resolve any possible issues, such as delivery delays.

Environmental Effect

The digital chain system improves the project’s environmental impact by allowing sourcing from the closest available suppliers. Optimised logistics to reduce emissions and the project’s gross carbon footprint.

Overall Impact

In the case at hand, YardLink’s digital supply management improved the project’s efficiency and sustainability. In return, the team could easily meet critical milestones while staying within budget. Clear communication and rationalised collaboration across the supply chain also fostered a more cohesive project environment, leading to higher-quality outcomes.

Navigating the Digital Transformation Step by Step

Now, you might be thinking, “This all sounds great, but where do I start?” The journey to digitising your supply chain doesn’t have to be a leap into the unknown. Here’s how you can make this transition manageable and tailored to your company’s unique needs:

1. Audit Your Current Processes

Start by understanding your existing supply chain process. Identify pain points and areas where inefficiencies are most pronounced.

2. Set Clear Objectives

Define what success looks like for your digital transformation. Is it reducing project delays, cutting costs, or improving material tracking? Having clear goals will guide your technology choices.

3. Start Small and Scale

You don’t need to overhaul your entire system overnight. Begin with one aspect, such as digital procurement or inventory management. Once you’ve seen the benefits, you can expand to other areas.

4. Invest in Training

Any digital tool is only as good as the people using it. Ensure your team is trained and comfortable with new technologies. This not only smooths the transition but also empowers your staff to make the most of these tools.

5. Choose the Right Partners

Not all digital solutions are created equal. Look for partners who understand the construction industry and can offer scalable solutions that grow with your business.

6. Use a Local Supply Chain

On average, construction supplies are delivered to sites over 60 miles away. Switching to local suppliers speeds up deliveries and cuts costs, supporting local economies and reducing carbon emissions.

AI and Machine Learning: The Next Frontier

While integrating digital tools for inventory or procurement might seem like a leap, the horizon holds even more promise. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning have already started revolutionising the digital supply chain further. That means that soon, the systems will not only track your material needs but also be able to predict them based on project phases, historical data, and even weather conditions. Until recently, this was a domain of science fiction; now, it’s the direction we’re headed.

Source: Office for National Statistics, investment in research and development

The Road Ahead: A Call to Action

It is clear by now that the digital supply chain in construction is the future. A future that navigates the path beyond enhanced efficiency and reduced costs toward a new way of building: lean, agile, and sustainable. For someone who makes the tough calls, embracing this digital shift isn’t just about staying competitive; it’s about leading the charge toward a more innovative, efficient, and profitable construction industry.

So, why make the switch? Because, in essence, embracing digital supply chain management is a logical step forward. It’s about equipping yourself with the tools you need to tackle the challenges of modern construction management head-on. If you’re ready to reduce waste, save time, and keep your projects running smoothly, it’s time to consider digitalising your supply chain.

The construction industry accounts for approximately 7% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the UK, which translates to over £110 billion per annum. Given the size and impact of the construction industry, you would be forgiven for assuming that the digitisation of construction is underway. But, this is far from reality.

AI in the construction industry is still controversial. 65% still use manual methods, such as spreadsheets or pen and paper, to manage their procurement processes and site inventories. Doctors streamline surgeries by implementing AI-generated recommendations and solicitors use software to process loan applications, but construction professionals have yet to catch up. Whilst other sectors enjoy the benefits of digitisation, construction contractors continue to write checklists on pen and paper, 

Digitisation In the Construction Industry  

The digitisation of the construction industry is long overdue. In a recent study entitled “The True Cost of the Construction Supply Chain”, YardLink surveyed over 250 senior procurement managers and found that 31% of respondents identified a lack of digital tools and innovation as the most significant challenge they face in today’s construction landscape, with the inefficient nature of analogue communication between teams significantly contributing to the problem.  

Digitisation can handle the entire procurement, ordering, and tracking process. For some, digitisation is a no-brainer. For others, digital risk assessments and auto-suggestions are too far removed from traditional manual methods. AI, also known as Artificial Intelligence, is the next step in digitising construction processes. Machine learning has the ability to streamline pre-construction, optimise procurement processes, predict safety risks, support green initiatives, and much more.

Problems in the Construction Industry 

By implementing digitisation in the construction industry, site managers and procurement officers can tackle two points of contention – cost and time overruns.  

The cost of construction materials rose by 24.5% in 2021 and 15% in 2022, which is in stark comparison to the 1% decrease in 2019. These statistics give a small insight into the scale of the price hikes in recent years, but they do not scratch the surface. Construction contractors also have to consider the rising cost of labour and equipment.

It’s speculated that the average construction project overruns anywhere from 10-50%. Regardless of the actual number, the stereotype that construction projects always run over schedule rings true. On top of that, legacy inefficiencies are responsible for a staggering £7.6 million in overruns, another massive roadblock to progress and profitability.  

Researchers at nPlan found that projects completed before the pandemic had a median delay time of 100 days, whereas projects completed during the pandemic had a median delay of 200 days. The pandemic has accelerated the existing issue of time-keeping. Without intervention, the construction industry will collapse under the weight of its ineffective systems.

Overall, the construction industry is the least digitised sector in Europe. The lack of technological innovation in the construction industry costs the global economy $1.6 trillion annually. Forward-thinking contractors and project managers are looking toward technological advances as a way to recoup productivity and profits. 

Benefits of AI In the Construction Industry 

So, how can AI be used in construction to solve the problem of cost and time overruns?

According to AutoDesk Construction Cloud, 35% of construction professionals spend time on non-productive activities. This statistic is mirrored in many journals, surveys, and even YardLink’s recent study.

The consensus is that construction professionals must streamline each stage of the construction process as much as possible. AI is a valuable tool for construction professionals who want to improve communication between teams, increase productivity, and streamline processes.

Let’s look at some of the ways that AI can save construction professionals time and money. 

AI Streamlines Pre-Construction 

The digitisation of construction could not come at a better time. Project managers, architects, and construction contractors are under massive amounts of pressure to follow increasingly complex building regulations, laws, and restrictive covenants. 

Pre-construction can be just as complex as the construction phase, but AI can help contractors navigate their long list of obligations. 

• Building Information Modelling (BIM) – BIM uses AI to create 3D models that allow construction contractors to visualise their buildings and anticipate potential errors before they become costly mistakes.
• Design comparisons – AI can use existing data to predict the functionality of specific designs. Contractors input their time and money constraints, and AI directs them to the most effective, viable design. 
• Potential delays – AI algorithms can predict potential delays and suggest adjustments, ensuring projects stay on track. Subcontractor schedules, compliance considerations, and weather conditions can all delay construction projects. But when AI enters the mix, these problems are immediately apparent and no longer have the power to derail a project. Contractors who invest in this kind of pre-construction AI tool can enjoy optimised resource allocation, reduced costs, and timely project deliveries. 

By streamlining some of the most essential pre-construction processes, digitisation can reduce overall costs and keep construction projects on track.  

AI Predicts Safety Risks 

Digitisation in construction is not all about admin. AI can have a tangible impact on day-to-day operations, especially safety procedures. According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), workplace injuries and work-related ill health are costing the construction sector more than £1.29 billion each year. There is a desperate need for a solution, and AI ticks all the boxes.

Construction contractors and project managers can use AI in conjunction with on-site sensors and cameras to capture, track, and analyse real-time safety risks. If project managers want to take AI one step further, they can invest in predictive analytics. 

Suffolk Construction is a Boston-based construction company that partnered with Smartvid.io to create one of the first AI-based risk assessment systems in the construction industry. 

As part of this project, Smartvid.io used an AI named “Vinnie” to analyse photos from Suffolk Construction’s sites. Vinnie instantly analysed thousands of photos to generate compliance statistics and an early warning system. 

Here are two of the safety hazards that Vinnie was designed to spot. 

• If Vinnie received a picture of labourers pouring concrete, it analysed whether the workers wore the correct PPE. 
• If Vinnie received a picture of labourers drilling concrete, it checked for ear defenders and other protective gear. 

In the three years that followed, Smartvid.io’s early warning system predicted 20% of all incidents with an 80% accuracy rate. Suffolk Construction estimates that this system can guarantee somewhere between $1.4M and $3.6M in safety-related savings each year, even with the occasional false warning. It is important to remember that these are U.S.-based statistics, but the system can easily translate to construction projects in the UK. 

When we talk about digitising construction, we often think about text-based solutions. However, Suffolk Construction has proven that AI is a collaborative tool that has the power to predict the future.

AI Supports Green Initiatives 

Green building rating and certification systems are becoming the norm. The UK Green Building Council (UKGBC) encouraged more construction companies to sign up for the UN Race to Zero than any other country. Decarbonising the construction supply chain is one of the central points in the government’s Net Zero guidance note, so it is no surprise that contractors and sub-contractors are under immense pressure to meet green mandates and reduce emissions at every stage of the construction process. 

In theory, AI can be used to streamline every step of the construction process. This falls under the umbrella of “smart building”, a new field that utilises AI in the construction industry. As one study put it, AI can “generate innovative architectural and structural designs, improve construction and operational safety, reduce the embodied and operational energy requirements, reduce construction and operational costs”, among other things. 

Contractors who want to support green initiatives can implement intelligent lighting systems that operate on AI algorithms. The algorithm notices when spaces are unoccupied and either dims or turns off the lights. Similarly, predictive Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems can effectively regulate energy usage, ensuring occupants only use as much as necessary. 

AI Supports Resource Management 

The digitisation of construction has had a big impact on resource management. Before the advent of AI, construction professionals felt the frustration of ordering too many materials or assigning too many labourers to a task. By utilising the pattern recognition powers of AI, procurement managers can drastically reduce their expenditures and almost eliminate waste. 

Procurement managers can feed historical data into predictive analytics algorithms to find the most cost-effective, reliable resources in any given area. They can also use AI to supercharge their resource allocation efforts. 

Taskade is just one of the AI-driven resource allocation tools that focuses on the construction industry. It is designed for project managers who want to assign the necessary resources to essential tasks, without over or underestimating the need for materials, personnel, or equipment. 

AI Appeals to the Next Generation

65% of the construction procurement managers that YardLink surveyed in a recent study are still using manual methods to track their projects, orders, and progress. If this trend continues, and digitisation is not prioritised, the construction industry will alienate future generations. 

A recent study by regulator Ofcom found that Gen Z is driving the early adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), a type of AI that can produce multiple mediums (text, images, graphs) in response to dialogue inputs. In fact, 79% of online users aged 13-17 use GenAI, and 40% of 7-12-year-olds also use the technology.

By the time Gen Z enter the workforce, they will expect AI in the construction industry. Can you imagine the next generation using pen and paper to document large-scale construction projects? It does not seem likely. 

If manual methods and processes can continue uninterrupted, the construction industry will seem like an archaic option compared to other, more technologically advanced sectors. 

Conclusion

The construction industry is on the cusp of a revolution. By replacing more traditional modes of procurement, management, and design with AI, construction contractors can reduce costs, save valuable time, and support the government’s Net Zero goal.   

Embedding AI into the construction industry might be difficult, especially because most construction professionals still use outdated systems. However, all-in-one platforms like YardLink pave the way for construction professionals who want to take a bold leap to align themselves with the modern digital world. 

Technology has forever changed the construction industry, just look at concrete printing for the best example of that.

3D printing, otherwise known as additive manufacturing, has been around since the 1940s, used to craft three-dimensional objects, typically via a robotic arm mounted on a crane.

The materials used in 3D printing do vary, with everything from plastics to liquids being involved within the process. In terms of 3D printing in construction, concrete is one of the main materials used. You can print metal, but it is quite expensive, which is why most opt to print a mould and then use that to craft the component.

3D printing and construction make quite the pair when you consider the outright potential this type of technology has in the grand scheme of things. For example, printing an entire building is entirely possible.

The ability to fabricate intricate shapes, and even buildings from the ground up, make it impossible to ignore from a project management standpoint — or just anyone involved in construction to begin with.

Who knows, maybe in a few years your projects could be designed in a computer and then printed in front of your very eyes. Continue reading to find out more.

What Is Additive Manufacturing?

We’ll begin with an all-important question: what is additive manufacturing? Additive manufacturing is where, through computer-aided-design (CAD), a three-dimensional object is created layer upon layer in precise geometric shapes.

The materials used in this process do vary and include components like metal, plastic and concrete — with plastic being what most associate with 3D printing, generally. For context, additive manufacturing — often shortened to ‘AM’ — is another name for 3D printing.

There are seven types of additive manufacturing of note:

1. Binder Jetting
2. Directed Energy Deposition
3. Material Extrusion
4. Material Jetting
5. Powder Bed Fusion
6. Sheet Lamination
7. VAT Photopolymerisation

Additive manufacturing has aided multiple industries in the past, due to its ease of use and attention to detail. In aerospace, 3D printing has created parts for aircraft, and in the medical industry, custom surgical implants have been made for patients using this technology.

In the construction industry, additive manufacturing is considered to be the next progressive step, and could one day print skyscrapers amongst other buildings.

How Does 3D Printing In Construction Work?

3D printing in construction is an interesting one, as interesting as all of the other applications mentioned above, in our opinion. After all, the size and scale of construction is on a completely different level. So, how does it work, specifically?

Well, it can either involve the use of a machine fit with a printing arm to build a project from scratch on site, or, one could print all of the parts elsewhere and assemble them piece by piece.

The 3D printers used in construction and concrete printing aren’t the same as those you might have in your office. They tend to be a lot larger and require a CAD or BIM programme to run them.

Once the instructions are inputted, the arm of the printer will then begin injecting materials onto a platform (usually concrete). The nozzle will follow a set path over and over again, adding an additional layer on top until the task is complete.

How long it takes to finish will depend on the intricacy of the design and its size. Although, you’d have to imagine that the speed and effectiveness of this tech would only get better in time, perhaps even building full homes within a 24 hour period or less.

Benefits of Concrete Printing

Crafting a building this way comes with various benefits, as you can imagine. This included a greater degree of accuracy and time taken to lay the concrete in contrast to those doing it by hand.

These are but a few examples, let’s look at some others:

Innovative/Experimental Designs

Physics and practicality often get in the way of certain construction projects and the imagination behind those involved in the designing process. With 3D printing, the rulebook is thrown out of the window, as anything is possible.

It doesn’t matter how complex or how unusual your designs are, additive manufacturing will bring it to life, allowing for some pretty out there shapes, shapes that would be nye on impossible to craft by hand.

We should preface this by saying that not every client will want an experimental touch, but for those that do, 3D printing could unlock a series of never-ending possibilities for architects.

Quicker Builds

AI in construction across the entire construction industry has benefitted how long it would typically take to finish certain projects, and concrete printing is no exception. It’s the best example to give in terms of how far we’ve come technologically speaking, if anything.

Think about it, a 3D printer can work a full day and never grow tired, and can even work on weekends. Also, a 3D printer can lay concrete a lot quicker, and with a greater level of accuracy compared to work completed by a human.

By finishing a project ahead of schedule, you create more space in the diary, allowing you to generate more business as a result.

Reduced Costs

By using a 3D printer, you could save money by not having to spend money on areas you otherwise would as it’s all automated. Saving time and saving money, this should be the primary goal of every project manager.

Sure, the outright cost of buying a 3D printer big enough to handle these tasks could be expensive whenever it’s made available. Still, the printer could pay for itself when you consider how much money has been saved over time.

You also cut down on the amount of waste produced by heading in this direction, which means you won’t need to spend as much money on removing it.

Not As Much Waste

3D printing in construction works within its own means. Meaning, it only uses the material required to print what you’ve asked it to print. This is great for many reasons, the most obvious being: you no don’t produce an excess of waste.

Waste management is a big issue for many construction companies, and finding solutions to these problems can be rather difficult. Perhaps, 3D printing could be the answer.

Drawbacks Of Concrete Printing

If we’re to provide you with a full idea of what concrete printing is and how it works, then we need to look at any potential drawbacks alongside the above benefits. It’s still early days for printing buildings, but some have highlighted some interesting points that highlight limitations of the technology and the resulting structures.

Here are some of the potential drawbacks of concrete printing and 3D printing in construction, generally:

Initial Costs

Investment in 3D printing technology could be incredibly expensive, so expensive that it could be seen as a barrier to entry. Most construction companies operate on thin profit margins, which would make paying for a 3D printer next to impossible.

In time, renting or leasing a construction-optimised 3D printer could be an option. It could be a while before this happens, but it’s something we’d definitely consider at YardLink, as a dedicated provider in construction-based equipment.

Integration Difficulties

Building four walls out of concrete is one thing, it’s another to have a building that takes into account the various components that make up a building (plumbing, electrical, etc). This applies to both types of concrete printing construction.

It’s one thing to create a rather unique-looking building, it’s another to make it inhabitable — or have it feature certain elements. That’s the point some sceptics are looking at and highlighting.

There needs to be synergy between all departments involved in this process to avoid integration difficulties.

Interest In Printed Buildings

If there’s one thing to agree on, it’s that 3D printed structures and buildings are very impressive to sit and marvel at. How many people with this opinion would want to live in one? The answer might surprise you.

This goes back to what we were saying before, how 3D printed homes that go against convention won’t be for everyone. Prefabricated homes are the perfect case study to use here as these are homes that look different from the standard brick and mortar places. However, they aren’t nearly as popular as they should be based on their visual aesthetic.

Examples Of Concrete Printing

There aren’t a lot of concrete printing examples to cover, despite the technology being as impressive as it is. That’s not to say that no one has ever printed a full building before, because a few have, all with varying results.

Many of the concrete printed examples we’re about to provide were done to promote 3D printing in construction and its overall potential. For example, in 2014, a Chinese firm printed 10 full-sized houses in a single day.

Companies from around the world have all had a hand in printing these buildings/structures, and show no signs of slowing down.

3D Printed Bridge By Acciona

The title of world’s first 3D printed bridge belongs to Acciona, a Spanish infrastructure company that developed and printed the ‘3DBRIDGE.’ The title technically belongs to the Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) too, who led the project.

It took around a year and half from concept to completion, with the structure placed in Castilla-La Mancha Park in Alcobendas, Madrid. The 3DBRIDGE is 12 meters in length and 1.75 meters wide.

The design of the bridge is described as ‘parametric’ and is made from micro-reinforced concrete. This 3D printed bridge was unveiled to the public in early 2017, kicking off a trend of additive manufactured bridges appearing in urban areas.

Largest 3D-Printed Building By Apis Cor

From one title holder to the next. In 2019, robotic construction company Apis Cor used its technology to build a two-story office in Dubai, hailed as the world’s largest 3D-printed building to date.

The structure measures 9.5 meters high with a floor area of 640 square meters. Apic Cor actually developed a gypsum-based material used in the makeup of the building. Unlike some of the other 3D printing in construction examples shown, this building was built completely out in the open and on site, rather than piece by piece.

A crane was used to move the machine to and from each position to craft every part of the building. While the foundations of the building are traditional, the columns and walls of the building were printed and reinforced with concrete and rebar.

The Biodegradable Home By WASP

While it’s not an example of concrete printing per say, it’s still worth mentioning if only to highlight what is possible with 3D printing in construction. We’re of course referring to the 3D-printed home made from Italian developer WASP that is made from soil and agricultural waste.

Like the Apis Cor office in Dubai, this home was printed on site, using mud and other materials within the surrounding area. Waste materials from rice production such as chopped straw and rice husks were also used in the printing process.

According to the company, the home will turn back into soil if it isn’t maintained, making it fully biodegradable as advertised.

Office Of The Future By Killa Design

The office of the future by Killa Design is one of the best examples to show people that ask what is additive manufacturing, simply because of how innovative it is. Images of this building look fake, but seeing is believing.

The building used Chinese company WinSun’s tilt-up technology to bring it to life. This is where the floor, walls and ceiling are all printed on their side in 2D layer by layer, before being tilted vertically.

Each part of the building was printed separately at WinSun’s factory in China, before being shipped to the office site in Dubai. This single-story, multi-building campus was designed by Gensler for the United Arab Emirates National Committee as the headquarters for the Dubai Future Foundation (DFF).

In the original press release announcing the opening of the office, it was stated that labour costs were cut by more than 50% by printing the building. Only one individual was needed to monitor the printer, while several others handled the electrical engineering.

How Concrete Printing Is Changing the Face of Construction

The future of construction could be designed, layered and executed by 3D printing technology. We’ve already shown that there are already multiple examples out there of companies using 3D printing in construction.

While it might be a while yet before the technology takes off in other parts of the world, there’s no denying its appeal. It’s something to remember the next time someone asks you what additive manufacturing is.

There’s no telling what is/isn’t possible with concrete printing, which is what makes it such an interesting topic to cover. Try not to forget about the benefits of 3D printing in construction too, those being reduced costs, experimental designs and quicker builds with no loss in quality.

The quality of your work is something we consider essential, and to confirm quality, you need the right tools/equipment. At YardLink we supply a range of machinery to ensure that your projects are completed to the highest quality possible. Speak to a member of our team to find out more!

AI in construction is rapidly changing the industry from multiple levels. The same can be said for any industry looking to implement various types of machine learning.

The concept is simple: robots handle certain tasks typically completed by humans. Tasks that could be described as ‘monotonous’ or ‘dangerous’ in practice. Moreover, automation of this kind covers planning alongside design, which allows human workers to hone their skills in other areas of the operation.

This type of technology will always be an interesting topic of conversation. After all, AI doesn’t require any real human intervention to operate and complete tasks. It might feel like a concept from the future but there are countless examples of automation in construction set in the modern day.

Some see it as a negative, others, as a positive in the grand scheme of things.

Continue reading to discover more about construction robots and the different types of machine learning that are shaping the future of the industry.

What Are the Different Types of Machine Learning?

To understand the different types of machine learning, the definition of machine learning must be identified.

Machine learning is the study of computer algorithms that map out key actions through data. In other words, it’s a branch of artificial intelligence, as in it has the capacity to think for itself and act on those thoughts to complete tasks.

In construction, those tasks could involve creating a 3D model of a building, or handing the manufacturing of certain components at off-site factories to robots.

There are multiple different subtypes of machine learning, all of which apply to AI in construction in one way or another. With that said, let’s take a look at the different types of machine learning.

Supervised Learning

Supervised learning is one of the more basic types of machine learning and requires a human touch for it to be successful – at least at the beginning.

In this type of learning the machine algorithm is trained on labeled data which needs to be organised ahead of time by a supervisor. Data that is fed to the model will predict accurate outcomes in time, once it has outgrown the need for training wheels.

Supervised learning has the capacity to help construction-based businesses solve complex problems at scale. This includes automating certain administrative tasks that revolve around planning and staff management. This is very advantageous for any construction manager, as it saves them time managing their team and preparing their workload.

Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is the opposite of supervised learning in that it is able to work with unlabelled data. This means the machine can read larger datasets with complete autonomy based on initial training sets.

Clustering is used by the machine learning algorithm to find unique ways of compressing data sets, discarding anything it deems irrelevant. Unsupervised learning is beneficial as it doesn’t require too much time to set up compared to supervised learning.

In construction, unsupervised learning has helped with various tasks including data preparation and customer segmentation. Keeping track of employees is essential for any construction company dealing with multiple projects at any given time.

Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning introduces AI to a game-like situation where its goal is to maximise its total. There are rewards and penalties for the actions it performs. Over time, the computer will begin to see a pattern. The algorithm here uses trial-and-error to find its end point.

The goal of reinforcement learning is to create a sequence of key decisions that a system could then follow. The AI is given no hints as to how it can maximise its winnings in solving the game.

Reinforcement learning is the most common type of AI associated with machines. Autonomous construction robots, in particular, move independently thanks to reinforcement learning.

What Are the Benefits of AI in Construction?

AI is innovation manifest, speeding up most of the processes tied to construction from a planning and development stage. It also applies to the machinery used at the actual building stage.

As a business manager, the idea of AI in construction should appeal to you more than anyone else in the company. After all, with machine learning you can improve multiple areas of your business in one go.

Automating tasks and streamlining workflow are two of the main benefits that arrive with automation in construction, but this is only the beginning…

Better 3D Model Builds

Machine learning, and all of its different types, is making 3D modelling a lot easier. Buildings all vary in terms of dimensions and other internal factors. Multiple departments will work on these elements before agreeing on a final 3D model of the finished building.

With construction, there are various sub-teams working on a single project:

• Architecture
• Engineering
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Plumbing

MEP plans do clash, thus making a final design all the more difficult to agree upon. Finding a compromise can take time which is something that most construction companies don’t have as they work to tight deadlines.

This is where machine learning enters the picture. There is AI-based software out there that generates different models based on these clashes. In other words, it generates multiple models for those in charge to visualise and discuss.

Furthermore, there are types of machine learning available that actively test models based on environmental factors. Have a project in an area known for heavy bouts of rain? Use AI to help test certain builds to see how it reacts.

It’s foresight like this that can save businesses a lot of money in the long haul. Simulating fully-built models provides accurate information in real-time too. This helps workers realise mistakes or highlight issues with current plans.

Reduce Overall Risks

Automation in construction has multiple applications. One of the most helpful things about machine learning is that it can predict risks before they happen. Every construction project will have some risks involved, that is a given.

Risks aren’t limited to physical harm either. Quality, time, and cost also need to be considered. The larger the project, the more risk involved.

So how do you mitigate risk in construction?

One way involves AI. Through learning solutions, construction businesses can monitor and rank all risks in order of importance. This allows companies of all sizes to work through these issues based on which needs sorting first. Predictive analytics can sometimes provide accurate solutions to these problems.

Reducing risks is one of the main goals of construction managers. Understanding these risks in advance could save companies precious time and money.

Automation in Construction Project Planning

Large scale projects have a knack for going well over budget. It’s partly the reason why companies are using Artificial Neural Networks to predict overruns before that money is even spent.

These networks are used in machine learning to predict overspending, using the size of the project, and the skill level of project managers to deliver unique results.

Furthermore, artificial intelligence can be used to schedule and order specific materials in line with build timelines and company-wide waste commitments. This coincides with cost overruns as companies will reduce unnecessary spending and only spend money when necessary.

Most companies will utilise IoT (internet of things) tech to do this. Programs that automatically distribute reports and images.

To recap, automation in construction product planning allows companies to:

• Streamline the ordering process
• Cut down unnecessary spending
• Auto receive reports and images

Construction Robots Help Productivity

Smart robots, those used to perform repetitive tasks, are increasing productivity tenfold. In fact, there are some companies out there only offering self-driving machinery to do everything from pour concrete to welding.

Construction robots can also help excavate sites quicker so that the next stage can commence. There are semi-autonomous bulldozers available that can complete a job in half the time after being programmed by a living person.

Self-driving construction vehicles have been around for quite some time. Caterpillar, one of the leading providers of construction equipment, began its first autonomy program more than 30 years ago.

Productivity isn’t limited to robot workers either. Some project managers have implemented AI systems that track work using cameras found onsite, and other forms of tech used to monitor progress.

This is very handy to have when evaluating the overall performance of your workforce. With this data, project managers can provide accurate feedback to employees. A must for construction companies looking to develop high-performing teams.

Administrative Tasks and Machine Learning

Machine learning goes beyond design and constriction benefits as it also helps with general administrative tasks.

Facility management for example, can be tough to organise within a busy company. This can result in gaps in important data which is required to manage sites and conduct repairs/renovations when needed.

Furthermore, construction companies can get the most out of its Building Information Modelling (BIM) model by implementing machine learning directly into this strategy. Machine learning boosts the BIM model by presenting the best ways of avoiding hazards and dangerous areas before the project begins.

Machine learning handles most of the time-consuming admin tasks. It also removes human error from the equation meaning all data is 100% accurate at all times.

AI Site Security/Organisation

AI-backed surveillance is making it easier for construction managers to monitor everything from materials to workers. With AI, surveillance can observe and report as programmed, reporting any suspicious behavior to those in charge.

A vehicle out of place, or a worker doing something they shouldn’t, both count as suspicious behaviour. AI can also track who should/shouldn’t be on site. In other words, who has permission to be there and who doesn’t.

Unfortunately, your construction site is vulnerable to theft and criminal activity. However with AI, you can be confident that your site is secure.

The Future of Automation in Construction

There’s no telling where AI in the construction industry is heading. Still, there are plenty of hints to follow.

For example, Doxel, an AI solutions company, is doing wonders with its fleet of autonomous robots that map and track work in real-time. The AI is mostly used for electrical and plumbing purposes, but it has all the potential in the construction world to become something far greater.

The idea that AI will one day replace all humans, although true to some extent, won’t happen for a while yet. It will surely affect how businesses approach business models in the coming months/years.

After all, the technology exists across multiple parts of the business, be it administrative or on the actual worksite.

Boston Dynamics have already hinted at what is possible with its robot dog Spot. Could AI train and roll out a fleet of electric guard dogs to patrol construction sites during nights? It’s certainly possible, given how far AI in construction can go.

Construction Robots and Different Types of Machine Learning: How AI is Changing the Industry

Machines that think and act autonomously is somewhat of a scary concept, given the limitless potential this type of technology has. However, most tend to forget that AI is there to assist, and right now, all types of machine learning lack the capacity to lead a robot revolution.

Artificial intelligence has already begun making a difference across various industries, with construction being one of the main examples. The construction companies implementing AI have recorded increased productivity and overall workflow, amongst other onset benefits.

Automation in construction can help make the act of hiring tools and/or equipment all the easier, too. This is something we specialise in at YardLink. We supply you with everything you need to get your construction plans moving.

For more information on how we can help you get your next project started, call us today.